How It Works
This calculator works in 4 steps.
Paste the sample list
Type or paste sample names and measured concentrations.
Enter the common target and volume
Type the normalized concentration and final volume.
Compute each sample
The calculator solves V = C_target × V_final / C_sample for every row.
Read the batch table
The calculator returns sample and diluent volumes and flags samples below the target.
The Formula
The formula applies C₁V₁ = C₂V₂ to each sample with a shared target and volume.
Vᵢ = C_target × V_final / CᵢV_dil,i = V_final − VᵢCᵢ ≥ C_target- Cᵢ:
- Measured concentration of sample i
- C_target:
- Common target concentration
- V_final:
- Final volume per sample
Normalizing a 152.4 ng/µL sample to 10 ng/µL in 20 µL needs 1.31 µL sample and 18.69 µL buffer.
Conversion Table
The conversion table normalizes 6 DNA samples to 10 ng/µL in 20 µL.
| Sample | Measured | Sample volume | Diluent | Normalized |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| S1 | 152.4 ng/µL | 1.312 µL | 18.69 µL | 10 ng/µL |
| S2 | 87 ng/µL | 2.299 µL | 17.7 µL | 10 ng/µL |
| S3 | 45.6 ng/µL | 4.386 µL | 15.61 µL | 10 ng/µL |
| S4 | 210 ng/µL | 0.9524 µL | 19.05 µL | 10 ng/µL |
| S5 | 23.8 ng/µL | 8.403 µL | 11.6 µL | 10 ng/µL |
| S6 | 10 ng/µL | 20 µL | 0 µL | 10 ng/µL |
What Is the Sample Normalization Calculator?
The Sample Normalization Calculator is a tool that brings a set of samples with different concentrations to one common concentration and volume. The calculator returns a sample volume and a diluent volume for each sample in a batch.
Normalization makes downstream inputs equal across samples, such as 10 ng/µL for every library or 1 mg/mL for every lysate. Samples below the target cannot be normalized by dilution, so the calculator flags them and offers the option to lower the target to the weakest sample's value.
Common Uses
There are 5 main uses of this calculator.
NGS library pooling
Sequencing labs normalize libraries before pooling.
qPCR input
Users normalize cDNA or gDNA input across samples.
Protein lysates
Biochemists normalize lysates to 1 or 2 mg/mL before blotting.
Liquid handler worklists
Automation teams export normalization volumes to robots.
Biobank aliquots
Biobanks normalize samples before distribution.