How It Works
This calculator works in 4 steps.
Set the equivalence basis (z)
Type the equivalents per mole for the reaction, such as 1 for HCl or 2 for H₂SO₄.
Enter the stock concentration
Type the stock in M or N; the calculator converts with N = M × z.
Enter target normality and volume
Type the working N and the final volume.
Read the stock volume
The calculator solves N₁V₁ = N₂V₂ and shows the target molarity as well.
The Formula
The formula applies C₁V₁ = C₂V₂ with normality, after converting molarity by the equivalence factor.
N = M × zN₁ × V₁ = N₂ × V₂eq = N × V- N:
- Normality (eq/L)
- M:
- Molarity (mol/L)
- z:
- Equivalents per mole for the stated reaction
- V₁ / V₂:
- Stock and final volumes
18 M H₂SO₄ is 36 N in a full acid-base neutralization (z = 2). For 1 L of 1 N H₂SO₄, V₁ = 1 × 1,000 / 36 = 27.8 mL.
Conversion Table
The conversion table shows the equivalence factor, normality, and stock volume for 6 reagents.
| Reagent | z | Stock | Target | Final volume | Stock volume |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| H₂SO₄ | 2 | 18 M = 36 N | 1 N | 1,000 mL | 27.78 mL |
| HCl | 1 | 12.1 M = 12.1 N | 0.1 N | 1,000 mL | 8.264 mL |
| H₃PO₄ | 3 | 14.7 M = 44.1 N | 1 N | 500 mL | 11.34 mL |
| NaOH | 1 | 1 M = 1 N | 0.02 N | 250 mL | 5 mL |
| Ca(OH)₂ | 2 | 0.02 M = 0.04 N | 0.01 N | 100 mL | 25 mL |
| KMnO₄ (redox, 5 e⁻) | 5 | 0.1 M = 0.5 N | 0.1 N | 500 mL | 100 mL |
What Is the Normality Dilution Calculator?
The Normality Dilution Calculator is a tool that dilutes solutions expressed in equivalents per liter (eq/L, N) on a user-stated equivalence basis. Normality equals molarity multiplied by the number of reacting equivalents per mole (z), such as 2 for sulfuric acid in a full neutralization.
One substance has different normalities in different reactions. Potassium permanganate (KMnO₄) has z = 5 in acidic redox titrations and z = 3 in neutral conditions. The calculator requires the user to set z, then converts between M and N and solves the dilution in N.
Common Uses
There are 5 main uses of this calculator.
Acid-base titrations
Analysts prepare 0.1 N and 0.02 N acids and bases.
Water hardness tests
Water labs prepare titrants on a calcium carbonate equivalent basis.
Redox titrations
Chemists prepare permanganate and thiosulfate on an electron basis.
Legacy SOP support
Labs follow older methods written in normality.
Soil testing
Agronomy labs prepare extractants in normality units.